Flash routers
Author: l | 2025-04-23
In this article, we’ll explain how to flash a router using standard and third-party firmware, and how to recover a bad flash router. Let’s dive in. What Is Router Firmware? Configure Cisco router to capture the packets and store the output on the flash of the router. later on I can access the router and download if from the flash using . copy flash tftp. Is there any way to do this? is there any similar method? I read about: Router IP Traffic Export Packet Capture Enhancements
How to Flash a Router [Firmware Change And
Using the Router as a TFTP ServerProblemYou want to configure your router to act as a TFTP server.SolutionThe tftp-server command configures the router to act as a TFTP server:Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#tftp-server flash:c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.binRouter1(config)#endRouter1#DiscussionThe ability to use a router as a TFTP server can be quite useful. We have often used this feature to upgrade several routers that are separated from the TFTP server by slow WAN connections. In situations like this, you can upgrade one of the remote routers by using TFTP over the slow WAN connection as we described in Recipe 1.6. Then you can configure the first router to act as a TFTP server, and use it to upgrade the remaining routers over high-speed local links.The router is not a fully functional TFTP server. It can only serve files for download. You cannot use this feature to upload files into the serving router’s local flash. However, the router is not limited to just serving IOS images. You can use your router’s flash to store configuration files and make them available for download via TFTP as well. Moreover, you can even use it to hold configuration files for nonCisco equipment.Security is a concern whenever you enable services on a router. Every extra service you enable provides the wily hacker with a new potential avenue to exploit against your network. Therefore, we certainly don’t recommend using the TFTP server feature on routers facing the public Internet or other unfriendly networks. However, for internal use, we believe it is reasonably safe. You can increase the security of the router’s TFTP server by using an access-list like this:Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#access-list 99 permit 172.25.1.0 0.0.0.255Router1(config)#access-list 99 deny any Router1(config)#tftp-server flash:c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin 99Router1(config)#endRouter1#In this example, we defined an access-list 99 that will allow all devices on the 172.25.1.0 network to access the router’s TFTP server. Then we applied the access-list to the TFTP service by specifying the access-list number at the end of the tftp-server command line. This will help to ensure that only the authorized devices permitted by the access-list may download the specified file via TFTP.You can configure the router to serve multiple files via TFTP by simply adding more tftp-server commands. And, if security is a concern, you can configure each file to use its own access-list.Although this feature can be useful, we recommend enabling it only
Can My Router Be Flashed? Upgrade Your Router Remotely with FMR!
Connection with anyone, but you said using the full 25 down speed will cause lag, so should I set it to like 20 Mbps? Feb 19, 2010 1,905 51 21,390 #6 What % of max should I set download and upload? I don't share my connection with anyone, but you said using the full 25 down speed will cause lag, so should I set it to like 20 Mbps? What type of qos are you using? It's only going to work if it is setup right. cake and fq_codel are both round robin so they don't need much setup at all. Many other types require traffic to be dropped into buckets to work. All the ubiquiti routers have fq_codel and the ERX is a great one. you can't buy anything with cake. you can flash openwrt to a router to get cake. cake is much better for DSL. on DOCSIS they will both perform around the same.With cake or fq_codel you can start at 75% then check dslreports bufferbloat test. If it's A+ keep increasing it towards 100%. This only tests AQM which those two have. AQM isn't the only way to reduce ping. shaping your upload is optional. most bufferbloat will be from the download side. Feb 19, 2010 1,905 51 21,390 #7 since you are the only one using the internet you might want to try and figure out what program is swamping your line while you are playing. if it ends up only being 1 program you might be able to throttle that program. most routers dont have the tools to help you find it. you can check your windows task manager and sort by network to see what your pc is doing. iftop is a program on routers that is similar. I can find which client is swamping the line quickly. it uses a lot of resources so it's not going to be available on most routers. Advertising Cookies Policies Privacy Term & Conditions TopicsFlashing the router's firmware? - Tom's Hardware Forum
View All View all eXtra Outlet View all Extra Gift Card View all Trade-in Your Smartphone View all View All Close View all Laptops MacBook Microsoft Surface Gaming Laptops Clamshell Convertible Compare MacBook Core i7 Core i5 Ryzen 7 View All View all Monitors & Projectors Monitors Projectors View All Close View all Desktops All in One Gaming Desktop iMac View All View all Cameras Digital Cameras Camera Accessories Dashcam View All View all Printers Multi Function All in one Printers Laser Jet Tank Printers Photo printers View All View all Printing supplies Inks Toner Printing Paper View All View all Computer Accessories PC Gaming Accessories Apple Accessories Keyboards Mouse Cables & Connectors Bags Headsets PC Care View All View all PC Gaming Accessories Headset Keyboards Mouse Mousepad Streaming Gear View All View all Networking & Routers Range Extender Portable Router Adapters & Cables Home Router Mesh Router Gaming Routers View All View all Storage Devices Flash Memory Portable SSDs Memory card View All View all Software MS Office View All View all Extra Gift Card View all View All Close View all Televisions LED TVs Mini LED TVs QNED TVs Smart QLED TVs Smart OLED TVs View All Spare Parts View all TV Accessories TV Stands & Tables Brackets Cables View All View all Home Entertainment Party Speakers Home Theatres Smart Lighting View All View all Monitors & Projectors Monitors Projectors View All View all Extra Gift Card Close View all Air Conditioners Split Window Service Your Split AC. In this article, we’ll explain how to flash a router using standard and third-party firmware, and how to recover a bad flash router. Let’s dive in. What Is Router Firmware? Configure Cisco router to capture the packets and store the output on the flash of the router. later on I can access the router and download if from the flash using . copy flash tftp. Is there any way to do this? is there any similar method? I read about: Router IP Traffic Export Packet Capture EnhancementsHow to determine the amount of Flash and DRAM on a router
Flash it onto your router.However, in terms of simplicity of installation and configuration, DD-WRT has a significant advantage over OpenWrt.Even inexperienced users should have far less trouble setting their routers to utilize DD-WRT than OpenWrt.Even while OpenWrt allows you to customize features throughout the setup process, the entire procedure is time-consuming, especially for novices.3. DD-WRT vs OpenWrt-Firmware UpdatesSince OpenWrt has been around for a long, it has had several important upgrades throughout the years, and it is expected to receive even more updates in the future. This indicates that the time has come for OpenWrt to solve issues, improve the user experience, and provide support for new routers.OpenWrt has surpassed DD-WRT in realizing that frequent upgrades might result in more promising firmware.DD-WRT, on the other hand, lags behind OpenWrt in terms of updates delivered. That is not to suggest that DD-WRT is not updated; nevertheless, it is not as consistent as OpenWrt.If DD-WRT is to attain the same degree of maturity as OpenWrt, there is still a lot of work to be done.4. DD-WRT vs OpenWrt – CompatibilityWhen it comes to open-source router firmware, DD-WRT is by far the most popular. DD-WRT is compatible with practically every Wi-Fi router.Even if you have a router from approximately ten years ago, chances are it will operate in some capacity with DD-WRT.They’ve been around long enough to establish themselves, and they support most routers, even low-cost models.To make Wi-Fi function, DD-WRT is more ready to employ proprietary drivers/kernel modules. This means that DD-WRT has improved compatibility for routers built by firms that do not support open source.DD-WRT also has the largest community, making it easier to obtain help for DD-WRT than for other custom router firmware.Even routers that aren’t officially supported typically receive community builds that are actively maintained on the DD-WRT forums.DD-WRTUnderstanding Flashing a Router : r/HomeNetworking - Reddit
Table of Contents Release Notes for Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL Routers using Firmware Release A2pv6F039t Contents Introduction System Requirements Memory and IOS Software Requirements Determining the Firmware Version Upgrading to a New Firmware Release Supported Features New and Changed Information Known Issues and Limitations Related Documentation Release-Specific Documents Platform-Specific Documents Other Firmware Code Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request Release Notes for Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL Routers using Firmware Release A2pv6F039t First Published: 2016-05-30 Last Updated: 2016-05-30 Release: Cisco IOS Release 15.5(3)M Introduction These release notes describe new enhancements and fixed caveats for the Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL routers using firmware release A2pv6F039t. This firmware is used for Cisco CPEs and recommended for Australia’s National Broadband Network (NBN). These release notes are updated as needed. System Requirements ■Memory and IOS Software Requirements ■Determining the Firmware Version ■Upgrading to a New Firmware Release Memory and IOS Software Requirements Table 1 lists the supported Cisco 860VAE Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL routers and also the memory and IOS requirements while using firmware release A2pv6F039t. Table 1 Supported Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL and Memory Requirements Platform Flash (MB) DRAM (MB) IOS version C866VAE-W-E-K9 C867VAE-W-A-K9 C867VAE-W-E-K9 C867VAE-POE-W-A-K9 128 512 15.5(3) M or later Determining the Firmware Version To determine the version of firmware currently running on your Cisco 860VAE-W series router, issue the following IOS command and look for the output entries shown in bold in this example: C867VAE-K9#show controller vdsl 0 Controller VDSL 0 is UP Daemon Status: Up XTU-R (DS) XTU-C (US) Chip Vendor ID: 'BDCM' 'BDCM' Chip Vendor Specific: 0x0000 0xA450 Chip Vendor Country: 0xB500 0xB500 Modem Vendor ID: 'CSCO' 'BDCM' Modem Vendor Specific: 0x4602 0x0000 Modem Vendor Country: 0xB500 0xB500 Serial Number Near: GMK172801HR C867VAE 15.5(3) Serial Number Far: Modem Version Near:Can My Router Be Flashed Remotely? - FlashRouters
What is a supout.rif file?Applies to RouterOS: ALLThe support file is used for debugging MikroTik RouterOS and to solve the support questions faster. All MikroTik Router information is saved in a binary file, which is stored on the router and can be downloaded from the router using FTP. If required, then you can generate file also on "/flash" folder on devices with FLASH type memory or external storage drive, by specifying full path to the file "name=flash/supout.rif". You can view the contents of this file in your Mikrotik account, simply click on "Supout.rif viewer" located in the left column and upload the file.This file contains all your routers configuration, logs and some other details that will help the MikroTik Support to solve your issue. The file does not contain sensitive information or router passwords.Making Support Output fileWinboxTo generate this file in Winbox, click on "Make Supout.rif"To save the file to your computer, right mouse click on file and select "Download" to get support output file, or simply drag the file to your desktop.WebfigTo generate this file in Webfig, click on "Make Supout.rif" and then "Download" to get in on your computerConsoleTo generate this file, please type in the command line: /system sup-output name=supout.rif. In this article, we’ll explain how to flash a router using standard and third-party firmware, and how to recover a bad flash router. Let’s dive in. What Is Router Firmware?Comments
Using the Router as a TFTP ServerProblemYou want to configure your router to act as a TFTP server.SolutionThe tftp-server command configures the router to act as a TFTP server:Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#tftp-server flash:c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.binRouter1(config)#endRouter1#DiscussionThe ability to use a router as a TFTP server can be quite useful. We have often used this feature to upgrade several routers that are separated from the TFTP server by slow WAN connections. In situations like this, you can upgrade one of the remote routers by using TFTP over the slow WAN connection as we described in Recipe 1.6. Then you can configure the first router to act as a TFTP server, and use it to upgrade the remaining routers over high-speed local links.The router is not a fully functional TFTP server. It can only serve files for download. You cannot use this feature to upload files into the serving router’s local flash. However, the router is not limited to just serving IOS images. You can use your router’s flash to store configuration files and make them available for download via TFTP as well. Moreover, you can even use it to hold configuration files for nonCisco equipment.Security is a concern whenever you enable services on a router. Every extra service you enable provides the wily hacker with a new potential avenue to exploit against your network. Therefore, we certainly don’t recommend using the TFTP server feature on routers facing the public Internet or other unfriendly networks. However, for internal use, we believe it is reasonably safe. You can increase the security of the router’s TFTP server by using an access-list like this:Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#access-list 99 permit 172.25.1.0 0.0.0.255Router1(config)#access-list 99 deny any Router1(config)#tftp-server flash:c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin 99Router1(config)#endRouter1#In this example, we defined an access-list 99 that will allow all devices on the 172.25.1.0 network to access the router’s TFTP server. Then we applied the access-list to the TFTP service by specifying the access-list number at the end of the tftp-server command line. This will help to ensure that only the authorized devices permitted by the access-list may download the specified file via TFTP.You can configure the router to serve multiple files via TFTP by simply adding more tftp-server commands. And, if security is a concern, you can configure each file to use its own access-list.Although this feature can be useful, we recommend enabling it only
2025-04-21Connection with anyone, but you said using the full 25 down speed will cause lag, so should I set it to like 20 Mbps? Feb 19, 2010 1,905 51 21,390 #6 What % of max should I set download and upload? I don't share my connection with anyone, but you said using the full 25 down speed will cause lag, so should I set it to like 20 Mbps? What type of qos are you using? It's only going to work if it is setup right. cake and fq_codel are both round robin so they don't need much setup at all. Many other types require traffic to be dropped into buckets to work. All the ubiquiti routers have fq_codel and the ERX is a great one. you can't buy anything with cake. you can flash openwrt to a router to get cake. cake is much better for DSL. on DOCSIS they will both perform around the same.With cake or fq_codel you can start at 75% then check dslreports bufferbloat test. If it's A+ keep increasing it towards 100%. This only tests AQM which those two have. AQM isn't the only way to reduce ping. shaping your upload is optional. most bufferbloat will be from the download side. Feb 19, 2010 1,905 51 21,390 #7 since you are the only one using the internet you might want to try and figure out what program is swamping your line while you are playing. if it ends up only being 1 program you might be able to throttle that program. most routers dont have the tools to help you find it. you can check your windows task manager and sort by network to see what your pc is doing. iftop is a program on routers that is similar. I can find which client is swamping the line quickly. it uses a lot of resources so it's not going to be available on most routers. Advertising Cookies Policies Privacy Term & Conditions Topics
2025-03-24Flash it onto your router.However, in terms of simplicity of installation and configuration, DD-WRT has a significant advantage over OpenWrt.Even inexperienced users should have far less trouble setting their routers to utilize DD-WRT than OpenWrt.Even while OpenWrt allows you to customize features throughout the setup process, the entire procedure is time-consuming, especially for novices.3. DD-WRT vs OpenWrt-Firmware UpdatesSince OpenWrt has been around for a long, it has had several important upgrades throughout the years, and it is expected to receive even more updates in the future. This indicates that the time has come for OpenWrt to solve issues, improve the user experience, and provide support for new routers.OpenWrt has surpassed DD-WRT in realizing that frequent upgrades might result in more promising firmware.DD-WRT, on the other hand, lags behind OpenWrt in terms of updates delivered. That is not to suggest that DD-WRT is not updated; nevertheless, it is not as consistent as OpenWrt.If DD-WRT is to attain the same degree of maturity as OpenWrt, there is still a lot of work to be done.4. DD-WRT vs OpenWrt – CompatibilityWhen it comes to open-source router firmware, DD-WRT is by far the most popular. DD-WRT is compatible with practically every Wi-Fi router.Even if you have a router from approximately ten years ago, chances are it will operate in some capacity with DD-WRT.They’ve been around long enough to establish themselves, and they support most routers, even low-cost models.To make Wi-Fi function, DD-WRT is more ready to employ proprietary drivers/kernel modules. This means that DD-WRT has improved compatibility for routers built by firms that do not support open source.DD-WRT also has the largest community, making it easier to obtain help for DD-WRT than for other custom router firmware.Even routers that aren’t officially supported typically receive community builds that are actively maintained on the DD-WRT forums.DD-WRT
2025-03-29Table of Contents Release Notes for Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL Routers using Firmware Release A2pv6F039t Contents Introduction System Requirements Memory and IOS Software Requirements Determining the Firmware Version Upgrading to a New Firmware Release Supported Features New and Changed Information Known Issues and Limitations Related Documentation Release-Specific Documents Platform-Specific Documents Other Firmware Code Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request Release Notes for Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL Routers using Firmware Release A2pv6F039t First Published: 2016-05-30 Last Updated: 2016-05-30 Release: Cisco IOS Release 15.5(3)M Introduction These release notes describe new enhancements and fixed caveats for the Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL routers using firmware release A2pv6F039t. This firmware is used for Cisco CPEs and recommended for Australia’s National Broadband Network (NBN). These release notes are updated as needed. System Requirements ■Memory and IOS Software Requirements ■Determining the Firmware Version ■Upgrading to a New Firmware Release Memory and IOS Software Requirements Table 1 lists the supported Cisco 860VAE Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL routers and also the memory and IOS requirements while using firmware release A2pv6F039t. Table 1 Supported Cisco 860VAE-W Series Multimode VDSL2/ADSL2/2+ DSL and Memory Requirements Platform Flash (MB) DRAM (MB) IOS version C866VAE-W-E-K9 C867VAE-W-A-K9 C867VAE-W-E-K9 C867VAE-POE-W-A-K9 128 512 15.5(3) M or later Determining the Firmware Version To determine the version of firmware currently running on your Cisco 860VAE-W series router, issue the following IOS command and look for the output entries shown in bold in this example: C867VAE-K9#show controller vdsl 0 Controller VDSL 0 is UP Daemon Status: Up XTU-R (DS) XTU-C (US) Chip Vendor ID: 'BDCM' 'BDCM' Chip Vendor Specific: 0x0000 0xA450 Chip Vendor Country: 0xB500 0xB500 Modem Vendor ID: 'CSCO' 'BDCM' Modem Vendor Specific: 0x4602 0x0000 Modem Vendor Country: 0xB500 0xB500 Serial Number Near: GMK172801HR C867VAE 15.5(3) Serial Number Far: Modem Version Near:
2025-04-01Connection to the Route Processor. ● NIMs support OIR. ● Special NIMs add support Solid-State Drives (SSDs) and Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) 1. Cisco Integrated Services Card (ISC) slot on motherboard ● Integrated Services Card natively supports the new Cisco High-Density Packet Voice Digital Signal Processor Modules (PVDM4s), providing greater-density rich-media voice. ● Each Integrated Services Card slot connects to the system architecture through an up-to 2-Gbps link. ● Future modules can be hosted on the Integrated Services Card slot, improving system functions. Flash memory support ● A single flash memory slot is available to support high-speed storage densities, upgradable to up to 32 GB. The ISR4221 ships with a fixed quantity of 8GB of flash memory. ● Two USB type A 2.0 ports provide capabilities for convenient storage 1. DRAM ● For the ISR 4400 Series, the default control-plane memory is 4 GB, upgradable to 16 GB to provide additional scalability for control-plane features. Data-plane memory is 2 GB, non-upgradable. ● For the ISR 4300 Series, the default memory is 4 GB, upgradable to 16 GB (only 8GB for 4321) to provide additional scalability. ● The ISR 4200 Series comes in two versions: ISR4221- 4GB fixed DRAM and ISR4221X – 8GB fixed DRAM. NEBS (Network Equipment Building System) ● The ISR 4461 is NEBS certified to maintain reliable operations in harsh and demanding environments. A NEBS kit is orderable with dual 650W-DC reverse-airflow power supplies and a reverse airflow fan assembly. Managing your Cisco ISR 4000 Family ISRs The Cisco network management applications listed at the top of Table 3 are standalone products that can be purchased or downloaded to manage your Cisco network devices. The applications are built specifically for the different operational phases; select those that best fit your needs. Those management capabilities listed under the “Cisco IOS Software XE Embedded Management” heading are directly integrated into the routers’ software operating system. Table 3. Cisco network management applications Operational Phase Management Task by Application Description Device staging and configuration WebUI ● A GUI-based device-management tool for Cisco IOS and Cisco IOS XE Software-based access routers. This tool simplifies routing, firewall, VPN, unified communications, and WAN and LAN configuration through easy-to-use wizards. Network-wide deployment, configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting Cisco Catalyst Center ● Offers comprehensive lifecycle management of wired and wireless access, campus, and branch-office networks, rich visibility into end-user connectivity, and application performance assurance. ● Provides wired lifecycle
2025-03-30